Contents
Contents of educational material, which consists of a series of PowerPoint presentations, available in PDF file format: CONTENTS – THE STATE OF OUR OCEANS – 150512
THE STATE OF OUR OCEANS
PowerPoint Presentations
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION – WHY OUR OCEANS ARE SO IMPORTANT (13 slides)
- What the oceans provide: food, jobs, transportation, water, recreation, wildlife, weather and climate control, oxygen
- Three key human-induced factors are making the oceans sick: overfishing, climate change, and marine pollution
MARINE POLLUTION – THE IMPACTS OF PLASTIC DEBRIS (93 slides)
- ABOUT PLASTIC AND PLASTIC IN THE OCEANS
- What is plastic?
- What is plastic so bad for our environment
- How much plastic gets into our oceans and how does it get there?
- From land sources
- From ocean sources
- What happens to plastics in the oceans?
- Photodegradation and fragmentation
- Floating, sinking, and suspended plastic
- Ocean gyres, the North Pacific and the North Atlantic gyres
- The 4 major problems with plastics in the oceans:
- LEACHING AND ABSORPTION
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- Toxic chemicals that are leached and absorbed by plastic
- Bioaccumulation and biomagnification
- How the toxic chemicals from leaching and absorption of plastic are affecting both marine animals and humans
How plastics are hurting, poisoning, and killing marine animals:
- ENTANGLEMENT
-
- Which debris causes the most entanglement
- Results of entanglement
- Victims of entanglement:
- Seabirds
- Sea turtles
- Seals and sea lions
- Cetacean species (Whales, dolphins, porpoises)
- INGESTION
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- Why marine animals ingest plastic
- Results of ingestion of plastic by marine animals
- Which marine animals ingest plastic and how they are affected?:
- Seabirds
- Sea turtles
- Marine mammals
- Fish
- Small filter feeders and plankton
- SPREAD OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES
- The current status of plastic disposal and some of the things that we can do
MARINE POLLUTION – TOXIC WASTE AND NOISE POLLUTION (71 slides)
- TOXIC WASTE
- Types of marine pollution
- Sources of marine pollution
- Land-based
- Ocean-based
- The results of marine pollution from toxic waste:
- Bioaccumulation and biomagnification
- The effects of marine pollution on marine animals
- Marine mammals
- Sea turtles
- Marine birds
- The effects of marine pollution on humans
- Results of oil spills
- Eutrophication
- Dead zones
- NOISE POLLUTION
- Underwater sound and marine animals
- Three major sources of man-made ocean noise:
- Surface ocean traffic
- Military sonar
- Seismic air guns
- Other sources of marine noise pollution
- Results of exposure to man-made ocean noise
- Noise pollution is causing many marine animals to beach themselves
OVERFISHING (50 slides)
- Unsustainable fishing:
- Bycatch
- Types of unsustainable fishing practices:
- Bottom trawling
- Longlining
- Gillnetting
- Purse seining
- Drift netting
- Small-scale fisheries bycatch
- Factory Ships
- Dynamite and Cyanide fishing (coral reefs)
- Shark Finning
- Results of overfishing
- Reducing overfishing
CLIMATE CHANGE – IMPACTS ON OUR OCEANS AND LAND (33 slides)
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- Global warming and climate change
- Major man-made sources of global greenhouse gas emissions
- Global emissions, temperature rise, and species extinction
- OUR OCEANS AND GLOBAL WARMING
- Ocean acidification and ocean warming
- How they are affecting life in the oceans
- Ocean acidification and ocean warming
- OTHER IMPACTS OF GLOBAL WARMING
- Melting sea ice
- Weather patterns and severe weather events
- Melting glaciers – water and food security
- Rising sea levels
- Higher levels of precipitation
- Desertification
- Climate change is already threatening many animals
- Future warming
- Ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions